The biologist: "Look! There's a herd of zebras! And there, in the middle: a white zebra! It's fantastic! There are white zebras! We'll be famous!"
The statistician: "It's not significant. We only know there's one white zebra."
The mathematician: "Actually, we know there exists a zebra which is white on one side."
The computer scientist: "Oh no! A special case!"
The physicist says, "I know what to do! We must cool down the materials until their temperature is lower than the ignition temperature and then the fire will go out."
The chemist says, "No! No! I know what to do! We must cut off the supply of oxygen so that the fire will go out due to lack of one of the reactants."
While the physicist and chemist debate what course to take, they both are alarmed to see the statistician running around the room starting other fires. They both scream, "What are you doing?"
To which the statistician replies, "Trying to get an adequate sample size."
Statistics is the art of never having to say you're wrong. Variance is what any two statisticians are at. (C. J. Bradfield, ph2008@mail.bris.ac.uk)
97.3% of all statistics are made up.
It's like the tale of the roadside merchant who was asked to explain how he could sell rabbit sandwiches so cheap. "Well," he explained, "I have to put some horse-meat in too. But I mix them 50:50. One horse, one rabbit." (Darrel Huff, How to Lie with Statistics)
Are statisticians normal?
Smoking is a leading cause of statistics. [Jascha Franklin-Hodge's (joeshmoe@world.std.com) List of Taglines]
43% of all statistics are worthless. [Jascha Franklin-Hodge's (joeshmoe@world.std.com) List of Taglines]
3 out of 4 Americans make up 75% of the population. [Jascha Franklin-Hodge's (joeshmoe@world.std.com) List of Taglines]
Death is 99 per cent fatal to laboratory rats. [Jascha Franklin-Hodge's (joeshmoe@world.std.com) List of Taglines]
A statistician is a person who draws a mathematically precise line from an unwarranted assumption to a foregone conclusion.
A statistician can have his head in an oven and his feet in ice, and he will say that on the average he feels fine.
80% of all statistics quoted to prove a point are made up on the spot.
Fett's Law: Never replicate a successful experiment.
(5000 x 1 + 56,995,000 x 2)/57,000,000 = 1.9999123.Since most people have two legs...
"We can't," admits Wheeler blithely. "Frankly, after the first million we stop counting, and round it up to the next million. I don't know if you've ever counted a papal flock, but, not only do they look a bit the same, they also don't keep still, what with all the bowing and crossing themselves."
"The only way you could do it accurately is by taking an aerial photograph of the crowd and handing it to the computer to work out. But then you'd get a headline saying, '1,678,163 [sic] flock to see Pope, not including 35,467 who couldn't see him,' and, believe me, nobody wants that sort of headline."
The art of big figures, avers Wheeler, lies in psychology, not statistics. The public like a figure it can admire. It likes millionaires, and million-sellers, and centuries at cricket, so Wheeler's international agency gives them the figures it wants, which involves not only rounding up but rounding down.
"In the old days people used to deal with crowds on the Isle of Wight principle--you know, they'd say that every day the population of the world increased by the number of people who could stand upright on the Isle of Wight, or the rain-forests were being decreased by an area the size of Rutland. This meant nothing. Most people had never been to the Isle of Wight for a start, and even if they had, they only had a vision of lots of Chinese standing in the grounds of the Cowes Yacht Club. And the Rutland comparison was so useless that they were driven to abolish Rutland to get rid of it.
"No, what people want is a few good millions. A hundred million, if possible. One of our inventions was street value, for instance. In the old days they used to say that police had discovered drugs in a quantity large enough to get all of Rutland stoned for a fortnight. *We* started saying that the drugs had a street value of #10 million. Absolutely meaningless, but people understand it better."
Sometimes they do get the figures spot on. "250,000 flock to see Royal two," was one of his recent headlines, and although the 250,000 was a rounded-up figure, the two was quite correct. In his palatial office he sits surrounded by relics of past headlines--a million-year-old fossil, a #500,000 Manet, a photograph of the Sultan of Brunei's #10,000,000 house--but pride of place goes to a pair of shoes framed on the wall.
"Why the shoes? Because they cost me #39.99. They serve as a reminder of mankind's other great urge, to have stupid odd figures. Strange, isn't it? They want mass demos of exactly half a million, but they also want their gramophone records to go round at thirty-three-and-a-third, forty-five and seventy-eight rpm. We have stayed in business by remembering that below a certain level people want oddity. They don't want a rocket costing #299 million and 99p, and they don't want a radio costing exactly #50."
How does he explain the times when the figures clash--when, for example, the organisers of a demo claim 250,000 but the police put it nearer 100,000?
"We provide both sets of figures; the figures the organisers want, and the figures the police want. The public believe both. If we gave the true figure, about 167,890, nobody would believe it because it doesn't sound believable."
John Wheeler's name has never become well-known, as he is a shy figure, but his firm has an annual turnover of #3 million and his eye for the right figure has made him a rich man. His greatest pleasure, however, comes from the people he meets in the counting game.
"Exactly two billion, to be precise."
(Miles Kington, writing in The Observer, November 3, 1986)
The student replies bitterly (as he is still flipping the coin), "Shhh! I am checking my answers!"
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Integral z-squared dzYou have to say zee, not zed. And it's correct, too.
from 1 to the square root of 3
times the cosine
of three pi over 9
equals log of the cube root of 'e'.